History

In the early eighteenth century, Europe was under the communistic type of government. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the communism system was slowly outdone and replaced with capitalism, a process that incurred great industrial revolution all over Europe. However, this involved a series of transformations. Industrial revolution was characterized by the use of machines driven by the use of power in development. This however started in England and turned Europe as a whole from an agricultural based society into an industry dependent society.

 Large group of people left the farming practice and migrated to the towns and cities as wage earners and this was the driving force of industrial revolution.

 The social life greatly changed with capitalism where cities were expanding and social economic classes developing leading to the growth in the population and urbanization. The European population by 1850 had doubled in reference to 1750. This population growth resulted due to many factors including the reduction in the death rate all over the continent the vulnerability to disease as well as the occurrence had reduced and also reduction of war, which reduced the number of death the amount of food supply increased reducing malnutrition and increasing disease resistance. (William 518)

There was a rapid growth in the number of cities and towns. This increased industrialization as more industries were situated in these towns. The towns were major supplies of the steam engine and the where manufacturing plants were situated, and there was plenty of labor through rural urban migration to the towns in search of work. For example the cities and towns in Britain grew expeditiously and by 1850 about half of the population were residing in cities and towns.  The living conditions of the people in most of the industrious town were miserable. There was presence of open sewers and lack of good drainage channels that led to the stagnation of sewer water both from animal and human waste. The living rooms for the workers were very small and the workers used to experience fever due to the congestion. (William 519)

The social economic class of the workers working in the different levels of employment developed. There was a class for the middle class workers in the industrial sector. This was a class for the workers in the construction department, those that were involved in the purchasing of machines and equipment and those that were doing the marketing. This group of people was working hard to join the elite class or reduce the division between them. Then there was the industrial working class that worked under total pressure including working six days a week for like twelve hours every day. The lunch break was worth half an hour and their job was unsecured. This was more so in the mining industry and the cotton mills. There were also poor working conditions and this at times led to death of the workers. (William 519)

Then came the rapid growth of industries and new products emerged in the industry. Iron took over steel and this allowed the construction of smaller, lighter and even faster machines. The source of energy was transformed and electricity took over coal. This source of energy could be transformed into many other energy forms easily. There was a major revolution in the communication industry through the inventing of the radio waves and the telephone means of communication. This later led to the development of the auto mobiles. (William 543)

The demand for manufactured goods was high during this era and this led to rapid industrial growth. The wages for the workers was increased and the prices of finished products reduced too. This was due to reduced transport cost.

The working class later started their parties.  These socialist parties were fighting to improve the working conditions for the workers. Through strong defense by the government, the parties later merged and formed a trade union that empowered them to vote and helped achieve democracy. As the economy accelerated forward, this led to the formation of the mass society. This helped the lower social class people to attain education, the right to vote and the improvement of their living standards. (William 547).

In the farming industry, agricultural revolution took place which led to the increase in production, conversion to large scale farming as opposed to small scale farming and efficiency in the farming practices. This led to increased food production and more profits to the land owners.

The systematic interaction of the political and economic reforms was a complication occurrence. The progress in both areas is not mutually inclusive of the other but they are mutually reinforcing.  Capitalism led to the growth of the private markets and the flow of money which in turn resulted to the growth of the middle class group. The middle class were then in a position to generate and acquire money from the central government authority.  As a result, this resulted into democracy generation that increased gradually. There was also the political transformation including the French Revolution that totally changed the nature of the government and increased democracy. (Laura 24)
One of the consequences of industrialization was urbanization. Urbanization led to more demand for labor to work in the industrial towns.  This led to the intense emigration to the cities and the rapid growth of the cities in size. There is the resultant capital flow and labor even to distant countries. This resulted to growth of communities that are similar very rapidly, across the seas and characterized the economic system. There was growth in population as well as wealth, but the wealth was not distributed proportionally as per the effort in the population applies in production where the two turned exclusive of each other and led to the emerging of the social classes.  (Paul 27)
 The rise in efficiency impacted negatively to human labor. This is by reducing the number of jobs available and also the technical skills as the companies adopted the technology changes. The industrial revolution led to the division of labor. The changes in civilization and the exchanges resulting from revolution led to opening of more channels of production and this in turn leads to the elaboration and the division of labor. As a result there is narrowing o production areas in the areas of trading.

Industrial revolution led to the administrative management. This is the decision making body in an organization that implements the information infrastructure between the organization and the contact of the market. This consequence has led to the development of the information structure and information economy and the formal and programmed decision making and the control of organizations and all the working in the society. (Paul 147)

Industrialization speeded up the rate of processing materials to a level where human control is not possible. This led to increased dependency on the managerial techniques and information and communication technologies through the use of programmed decisions for the control of the large scale operations. Industrialization called for the abundance of source of energy to be used in the running of the machine where wood fuel that was commonly used could not sufficiently supply. This led to the mining of coal at first and later the development and generation of electricity.

In conclusion, industrialization and capitalism In Europe had both positive and negative impacts to the social and economy life to the society. Some of the sectors including agriculture incurred deficiency in labor and food crisis occurred as more people migrated to the cities. Industrialization led to the growth of nationalism and increase in wages thus availability of money to spend on food and other family expenses. The industrial revolution is a change that is far from clarity since it is replicated in the todays society.